婴儿服用抗生素增加湿疹风险

皮肤科顶尖的SCI杂志「英国皮肤科杂志」（British Journal of Dermatology）最新研究证明，早年服用抗生素的儿童患湿疹的风险增加40%。（推荐阅读：一招预防婴儿过敏）

该研究为回顾性研究，对20项有关抗生素使用的研究进行了回顾。结果发现，孕期抗生素暴露和湿疹之间无相关性，但是1岁以下儿童抗生素暴露会增加湿疹风险高达40%。而且抗生素服用越多，患湿疹的风险越高。每额外使用1轮抗生素，就会增加7%的湿疹风险。广谱抗生素，如阿莫西林，对湿疹的影响最大。

另外研究还发现，母亲在孕期服用抗生素不增加儿童患普通皮疹的风险。

该研究支持了之前的一种观点，即抗生素会破坏肠道微生物群，从而对儿童免疫系统的发育造成影响。

Background

A number of studies have suggested that early life exposure to antibiotics may lead to an increased risk of subsequent eczema.

Objective

To conduct a systematic literature review on the association between antibiotic use antenatally or in the first year of life, and the development of eczema.

Methods

We completed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies involving children or young adults aged 0-25 years, which assessed the impact of antibiotic exposure either in utero or during the first 12 months of life on subsequent eczema risk.

Results

Twenty studies examined the association between prenatal and/or postnatal exposure to antibiotics and development of eczema in early life. The pooled OR for the seventeen studies examining postnatal antibiotic exposure was 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30 to 1.53). The pooled OR for the ten longitudinal studies was 1.40 (1.19 to 1.64), compared to a pooled OR of 1.43 (1.36 to 1.51) for the seven cross-sectional studies. There was a significant dose-response association, suggesting a 7% risk increase in eczema risk for each additional antibiotic course received during the first year of life (pooled OR=1.07 [1.02-1.11]). Finally, the pooled OR for the four studies relating to antenatal exposure was 1.30 (0.86 to 1.95).

Conclusion

Exposure to antibiotics in the first year of life, but not prenatally, is more common in children with eczema. 

文献地址：http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjd.12476/abstract